2011年2月8日星期二

微型计算机先驱肯.奥尔森去世

BY 小武博客

微型计算机和人机交互公司DEC创始人肯.奥尔森上周星期天去世。

84岁的奥尔森带来了一生的传奇,创办DEC,卖给康柏。

肯.奥尔森自始至终都是一个工程师。他出生于1926年2月6日,有着挪威和瑞典血统,1944年到1946年在海军服役,二战后进入麻省理工大学学习电子工程。

凭着在MIT(麻省理工大学)获得的晶体管计算机经验,他在1957年和Harlan Anderson创建了DEC,那时IBM的计算机又大又笨,他们自信能造出一种比IBM更便宜的,由用户们自己操作的机器,所有的人都可以与机器相互交流。

他们获得ARD公司提供7万美元作为资本开始创业,1957年8月,DEC公司在马萨诸塞州梅纳得镇一家19世纪的废弃毛纺厂里开张了。

1959年夏天,奥尔森成功地说服原麻省理工学院林肯实验室的“旋风”工程师小组的同事本·格雷(B·Gurley)加盟,主持设计制造公司第一台小型计算机的任务。小型计算机的出现是一场革命,在这以前只有占据整个房间大小,售价上百万美元的大型计算机,由技术专家掌管,只有极少数的公司才买得起,大部分公司都无法负担这样的费用。为了不引起计算机巨人IBM和RCA的注意,他们将自己制造的计算机称作程控数据处理机PDP-1(Programming Data Processor)。

1959年12月第一台PDP-1问世了,这是一台通用晶体管计算机,拥有键盘,显示器,4K内存,每秒运算10万次,与今天的计算机相比这微不足道,但在当时是前所未有的,人们可以自由地使用计算机,而且价格也负担得起,PDP-1的售价是11万美元。PDP-l型计算机的发明,使用户和计算机直接见面,通过键盘实现人机对话,这是计算机技术发展的新纪元的开始,是一个新兴产业——小型机产业的诞生。

DEC公司的初战告捷以及自由开放的工作环境,吸引了林肯实验室好些工程师起来入伙。

1970年,DEC公司又推出自己的第一台16位小型机PDP-11/20,标价仅10800美元,销售火爆,被美国工业研究所评为“1970年最有影响的技术产品”。到1972年,25万台PDP-11已销售一空。PDP-11后来发展出成系列的20多种产品,因而被称为小型计算机工业的典范,成为小型计算机设计的样板。

70年代,PC不但诞生了,而且野火般势不可挡,但奥尔森却仍然选择优雅高质、技术卓越的产品。奥尔森的判断失误最终使DEC在1998年被康柏兼并。

80年代末成为全球第二大电脑公司,取得140亿美元年收入,在高峰期雇用的12万多人。随后个人电脑出现,奥尔森未能认识到其潜力。他有一个家长式的管理风格和有些专制,这阻碍了DEC适应市场竞争。 他在1992年被DEC董事会辞退,随后1998年DEC以96亿美元出售给康柏公司。

2002年,康柏因为内部问题又被惠普以250亿美元收购。

奥尔森的妻子于2009年去世,他有一个弟弟,一个儿子,一个女儿和五个孙子。

参考资料(英文):www.channelregister.co.uk/2011/02/08/dec_founder_olsen_dead/page2.html

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